Plugs and voltage
Italy runs on 230V, 50Hz, so most US devices need a converter (laptops and phone chargers usually handle dual voltage — check the label).
- Sockets are Type F (the round two-pin "Schuko") and Type L (Italy's three-pin)
- A universal adapter covers both; buy one before you fly
Language basics
Most people in tourist areas speak some English, but a few words earn warm smiles.
- Buongiorno (good morning), Buonasera (good evening)
- Per favore (please), Grazie (thank you), Prego (you're welcome)
- Il conto, per favore (the bill, please)
- Scusi (excuse me) to get attention politely
Packing smart
- Comfortable walking shoes — cobblestones in Rome, Florence and Venice are brutal on flimsy soles
- Cover shoulders and knees: churches like St Peter's and the Duomo enforce a dress code
- A refillable bottle — Rome's nasoni fountains pour free, drinkable water
Connectivity
Free Wi-Fi in hotels and many cafes is common but slow and patchy. For maps, train tickets and translation you'll want your own reliable data from the moment you land.
Quick tips
- Validate regional train tickets in the green machines on the platform, or risk a fine
- A coperto (cover charge, €1-3 per person) is normal at restaurants — not a scam
- Coffee is cheaper standing at the bar; sitting at a table costs more
- Avoid restaurants with photo menus and touts near major sights
- ZTL zones (limited traffic areas) in city centres are camera-enforced — don't drive in
- Carry some cash; small trattorias and bars may not take cards
- Validate your Trenitalia or Italo ticket and arrive early at Termini or Santa Maria Novella
- Tipping is modest — round up or leave a euro or two
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